If you’re
a fan of the natural world, wild places, or cultural heritage, you’ve likely
visited a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The World Heritage list was created by
the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)
in 1972 to “encourage the identification, protection and preservation of
cultural and natural heritage around the world considered to be of outstanding
value to humanity.”
I seek out
World Heritage Sites when traveling, as do hordes of tourists. So many, in
fact, that sites now face additional pressures from visitors touching, looting,
or sometimes just breathing on artifacts, not to mention poorly planned tourist
development around sites. The travertine
terraces of Pamukkale, Turkey is one example of many I’ve seen recently.
There are,
however, a few remaining countries where you can find World Heritage sites free
of tourists - good for you, if not the local country’s economy. One of these
countries is Suriname, which has two UNESCO sites, one cultural and one
natural. And both happen to be settings in my first mystery. The natural site
is the Central Suriname Nature Reserve, although I use a different name for the
park in my book.
The cultural site is historic Paramaribo, which became a World Heritage Site in 2002. The white timbered Dutch colonial buildings of the old city are a unique fusion of Dutch architecture from the 17th and 18th centuries with the indigenous cultures and tropical environment of the northeast "wild coast" of South America.
The original inhabitants of Suriname were Carib Indians along the mangrove coast, and Trío, Wayana, and Akuriyo Amerindians in the tropical rainforest interior. Paramaribo, the capital, was settled about ten miles inland from the coast, along the Suriname River. The French arrived first, followed by the English, who established sugar and tobacco plantations on the west bank. In the late 1600s, the Dutch swapped New Amsterdam (part of present-day New York) for the English territory in Suriname and remained until Suriname’s full independence in 1975.
To work
their plantations, the Dutch imported West Africans and later, with the
abolition of slavery in the 1860s, indentured laborers from Indonesia,
India, China, and Lebanon, creating a cultural and ethnic diversity reflected
in the city’s present-day appearance, both old town and new.
Set
against sun-dappled streets lined with grizzled mahoganies, the old town’s
mostly clapboard buildings are simple and symmetrically uniform, likely due to
the country’s abundance of tropical hardwoods and isolation from any grand
cities. Doors and windows were usually matching and repeated on each story,
with shutters and louvres painted dark green, and designed for the rainy, humid
climate. The well-crafted, detailed designs and woodwork are a tradition still
found among Suriname’s many talented wood carvers.
Bricks, in
contrast to wood, were expensive and were used mainly for
stoops and foundations, which were painted red, the color of Suriname’s dusty
interior roads and tropical soils. Older roofs were high and steep due to the
wooden shingles and leaves used for roofing materials, until two major fires in
the early 1800s caused a switch to slate and baked roof tiles. As new roofing
materials were introduced, such as galvanized zinc around 1870, roof shapes
became less sloped.
Working in
Paramaribo’s old town was a highlight of my two years living in Paramaribo,
and I had a few favorite buildings, including the building housing Conservation
International (above) and the Presidential Palace (below), with its white veranda and adjacent
palm garden. I was also very fond of my own office with WWF, but I can't seem to find a photo.
